Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta ambiente. Mostrar todas as mensagens
Mostrar mensagens com a etiqueta ambiente. Mostrar todas as mensagens

5 de março de 2016

Este é o melhor argumento que vi desenvolvido em favor da Uber: vejam o vídeo.

Só tive uma vez a oportunidade de usar a Uber e gostei da experiência. Tive ao longo da vida experiências muito desagradáveis com taxistas, nomeadamente, nas Chegadas do Aeroporto de Lisboa (tenho casa em Moscavide), e isso é algo a contar para a minha apreciação dos méritos relativos da questão. Este vídeo, no entanto, poderá mesmo ser o melhor e o final argumento para a minha aceitação da bondade da solução. 

No entretanto, chamo a atenção para o exemplo dado de como a regulamentação (a má regulamentação) dum pré-Uber, por volta de 1915, deu cabo de algo de algo prometedor, e como isso foi o resultado, tomem nota (é mais um exemplo de algo muito importante, mas negligenciado pela esquerda), de uma coligação de interesses, como a indústria de trolleys, os construtores de carros (e, potencialmente, dos produtores de gasolina).

A finalizar: apesar de tudo gostaria de alguma imposição fiscal e de alguma regulamentação adequada e não castradora.

Uber's plan to get more people into fewer cars

21 de dezembro de 2009

Ora, aqui está um sugestão de oferta de um livro a um seu amigo, honesto, capaz de ler em inglês, que "acredite" ser esta "moda" da ecologia e das alterações climáticas mais uma tontice esquerdista como o Professor Pacheco Pereira, lucidamente, aponta... Ou, você já sabia disto? ... Ou, você considera tudo isto uma peça de desinformação da cabala para criar um estado mundial como um cronista do Diário Económico afirmou há algumas semanas atrás? ... Ou, você ignora que o tribunal já iniciou o seu julgamento, e que "o desconhecimento da lei (da verdade) a ninguém aproveita (não pode ser invocado)".


'In Doubt Is Their Product, David Michaels gives a lively and convincing history of how clever public relations has blocked one public health protection after another. The techniques first used to reassure us about tobacco were adapted to reassure us about asbestos, lead, vinyl chloride-and risks to nuclear facilities workers, where Dr. Michaels' experience as the relevant Assistant Secretary of Energy gave him an inside view. And if you're worried about climate change, keep worrying, because the same program is underway there.'--Donald Kennedy, Editor-in-Chief, Science

'We live in an age of unprecedented disinformation, misinformation, and outright lying by those in power. This important book shows who profits by misleading the public-and who ultimately pays with their health.'--Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation

'This well-researched book by someone who truly knows the system is a must read for anyone who wants to understand the cozy relationship between industry and regulatory agencies on matters that affect the health and safety of our families and neighbors. The cited examples illustrate how, with the help of irresponsible members of Congress and other public officials, corporate greed can trump any sense of ethics, morality, and human compassion.'--Neal Lane, former Science Advisor to President Bill Clinton and former Director of the National Science Foundation

'This brave, shocking book exposes the abuse of science by government and industry in ways that endanger the workplace, the home, the water supply, the air quality-in fact, our planet as a whole. David Michaels speaks authoritatively from his firsthand experience as a champion of occupational safety and health. He tells a terrific story.'--Dava Sobel, author of Longitude and Galileo's Daughter

'In Doubt Is Their Product, David Michaels calls out the corporations you'll recognize them that bankroll lobbyists and unethical scientists to attack factual evidence that their products, such as asbestos, lead, and tobacco, are deadly.'--Vanity Fair, Green Issue, May 2008


'David Michaels has written a powerful, thorough indictment of the way big business has ignored, suppressed or distorted vital scientific evidence to the detriment of the public's health.'--Nature From Newsweek, 5/12/08

That science can be bought is hardly news to anyone who knows about tobacco 'scientists.' But how pervasive, effective and stealthy this science-for-hire is-as masterfully documented by David Michaels of George Washington University in his new book, 'Doubt Is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health'-will shock anyone who still believes that 'science' and 'integrity' are soulmates. In studies of how toxic chemicals affect human health, Michaels told me, 'It's quite easy to take a positive result [showing harmful effects] and turn it falsely negative. This epidemiological alchemy is used widely.' -Sharon Begley From Nature, 6/12/08

David Michaels has written a powerful, thorough indictment of the way big business has ignored, suppressed or distorted vital scientific evidence to the detriment of the public's health. Doubt Is Their Product catalogues numerous corporate misdemeanours, especially in the United States, from the criminal neglect of the dangerous nature of asbestos and the lies told by the tobacco industry, to the suppression of adverse findings of deaths caused by the anti-inflammatory drug Vioxx and the increased risk of suicide among teenagers taking selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors for depression. The book concludes with a list of prescriptions for securing better regulation and greater protection for the public, mainly through increased public disclosure of vested interests. -Dick Taverne

'The book is a shocking portrayal of the tactics used by corporate America to delay public health and environmental regulation of their products for the sake of profit...It is a must read for anyone interested in public health and environmental protection.'--Chemical & Engineering News '

...Doubt Is Their Product reminds one of deeper risks that threaten scientific fields and democratic deliberation. ...The scientific community and the public need to be on guard against such abuses; Michaels's history of these events sounds an alert that must not be ignored.'--Durrants One of Library Journal's top 10 sci-tech books of 2008! Received an Honorable Mention in the Society for Environmental Journalism's 2009 Awards for Reporting on the Environment for the category Rachel Carson Environment Book Award.

 'Doubt is our product,' a cigarette executive once observed, 'since it is the best means of competing with the 'body of fact' that exists in the minds of the general public. It is also the means of establishing a controversy.' In this eye-opening expose, David Michaels reveals how the tobacco industry's duplicitous tactics spawned a multimillion dollar industry that is dismantling public health safeguards. Product defense consultants, he argues, have increasingly skewed the scientific literature, manufactured and magnified scientific uncertainty, and influenced policy decisions to the advantage of polluters and the manufacturers of dangerous products. To keep the public confused about the hazards posed by global warming, second-hand smoke, asbestos, lead, plastics, and many other toxic materials, industry executives have hired unscrupulous scientists and lobbyists to dispute scientific evidence about health risks. In doing so, they have not only delayed action on specific hazards, but they have constructed barriers to make it harder for lawmakers, government agencies, and courts to respond to future threats. The Orwellian strategy of dismissing research conducted by the scientific community as 'junk science' and elevating science conducted by product defense specialists to 'sound science' status also creates confusion about the very nature of scientific inquiry and undermines the public's confidence in science's ability to address public health and environmental concerns Such reckless practices have long existed, but Michaels argues that the Bush administration deepened the dysfunction by virtually handing over regulatory agencies to the very corporate powers whose products and behavior they are charged with overseeing. In Doubt Is Their Product Michaels proves, beyond a doubt, that our regulatory system has been broken. He offers concrete, workable suggestions for how it can be restored by taking the politics out of science and ensuring that concern for public safety, rather than private profits, guides our regulatory policy."

Consequência:

On environment, Obama and scientists take hit in poll - washingtonpost.com: "There's also rising public doubt and growing political polarization about what scientists have to say on the environment, and a widespread perception that there is a lot of disagreement among scientists about whether global warming is happening."

No entretanto:

Further reading of stolen emails reveals scientists searching for the truth « Climate Progress: "I have spent the last week reading far more emails belonging to other people than I ever would have liked. While a number of the emails have been flogged around the blogosphere and captured much of the attention, I found that a lot of emails worth seeing have gotten no attention at all. Including some that show that the denialista’s claims of a grand conspiracy is more of a grand hallucination. Because the stolen emails contain plenty of discussions that reveal just how hard the scientists work to make sure they are getting the information right. That’s Pete Altman, NRDC’s Climate Campaign Director, writing last week on the Switchboard blog on the stolen emails you haven’t heard about."

7 de agosto de 2009

8 de julho de 2009

Da tese sobre a incapacidade do homem alterar o clima...



Dois apontamentos (ainda a-propósito da nota anterior):






  1. O que se passou, e está a passar, no Mar Aral (ver as fotografias acima) é um bom contra-exemplo da validade da tese referida em epígrafe:

    The Aral Sea Disappears: NASA Photos EcoGeek - Clean Technology

    "In a series of dramatic photos, NASA has been able to
    capture the disappearance of the Aral Sea from space. In the 1960's Russia diverted water from several major rivers to irrigation projects for growing cotton and other crops. The result has been the complete destruction of one what was once the fourth largest inland sea in the world. NASA's ability to document this entirely unprecedented event is not only fascinating, but it's a lesson to how quickly entire ecosystems (and the societies that rely on them) can collapse. The Aral sea was once surrounded by villages that relied on the Aral seas fisheries. Those towns are now all but deserted, and fishing boats sit on dry land. Next time some nutjob tells you that humanity is too insignificant to really destroy the environment in significant ways, just send them to this page."

  2. A outra, é particularmente curiosa: encontrei-a, ao ler (o muito interessante) "The Romantic Economist", de Richard Bronk, Cambridge - (o contexto que determinou a citação não interessa aqui). Refere-se a um comentário, feito em 1791, por um filósofo alemão, Herder, que passo a transcrever:


    "Since climate is a compound of forces and influences to which both plants and
    animals contribute, serving all that is alive within a relationship of mutual
    interaction, it stands to reason that man, too, has a share, nay a dominant
    role
    , in altering it through his creativity ... Once Europe was a dark forest
    and the same was true of other, now cultived, regions. The forests have been
    cleared and, as a result, the climate and the inhabitants underwent a change"

    Bronk cita, logo a seguir, o que diz ainda Herder:
    "By suddenly cutting down entire forests and cultivating the soil, the whole
    balance of nature - which ought to be considered with the utmost care - is
    disturbed ... The rapid destruction of the woods and cultivation of land in
    America not only lessened the number of edible birds which were originally found
    invast quantities in the forests and lakes and rivers, and the suupply of fish;
    it not only diminished the lakes, streams and springs, but it also seemed to
    affect the health and longevity of the inhabitants"
    Isto era dito no início da Revolução Industrial, há dois séculos atrás, na ausência do conhecimento das suas consequências futuras, do uso extensivo e intensivo dos carburantes fósseis, e de tudo o mais. Este alemão, num sentido fundamental, é mais contemporâneo nosso (daqueles que que não aceitam a tese em epígrafe) do que o é o Blasfémias e os seus amigos (ver nota anterior).



22 de março de 2009

Limites ao crescimento

Em finais da década de 60, do século XX, reuniram-se em Roma, um conjunto de cientistas - conhecido pelo Clube de Roma - para estudar, na base da extrapolação das tendências verificadas até então, da viabilidade do modelo de crescimento económico seguido por todo o mundo.

O resultado do seu trabalho foi publicado em 1972, sob o título dos 'Limits to Growth' . A tese do trabalho poderia ser sintetizada da seguinte forma: "the human race is in for a disaster. Considering that the population was growing at a rate of over two percent annually at that time, while industry was growing at up to five to seven percent, modern civilization was bound to reach the limits of growth in the first decades of the 21st century." O relatório foi criticado acerbamente e sujeito a derisão.

Estamos em 2009 e o trabalho poderá continuar a ser criticado (embora, sem complacência) e já não é sujeito a derisão pelo "main stream" da economia (espero!) e da ciência:

21 de março de 2009

Recomendação de leitura

Leiam esta crítica ao livro "Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth" de Margaret Atwood em The Way of All Debt - The New York Review of Books. Fala da crise actual, do papel da dívida (dos diferentes tipos de dívida), de história, de biologia, do aquecimento global, da sustentabilidade e do futuro. Recomenda-se vivamente.

Acham que isto é ser alarmista? (II)

"But the Malthusian question has stimulated argument about the Earth's carrying capacity, which depends as much on human optimism as on ingenuity.

"If the world's population had the productivity of the Swiss, the consumption habits of the Chinese, the egalitarian instincts of the Swedes, and the social discipline of the Japanese, then the planet could support many times its current population without privation for anyone,"

wrote Lester C Thurow in the very different world of 1986.


Yet human numbers continue to swell, at more than 9,000 an hour, 80 million a year, a rate that threatens a doubling in less than 50 years. Land for cultivation is dwindling. Wind and rain erode fertile soils. Water supplies are increasingly precarious. Once-fertile regions are threatened with sterility. The yield from the oceans has begun to fall. To make matters potentially worse, human numbers threaten the survival of other species of plant and animal. Humans depend not just on what they can extract from the soil, but what they can grow in it, and this yield is driven by an intricate ecological network of organisms. Even at the most conservative estimate, other species are being extinguished at 100 to 1,000 times the background rate observable in the fossil record.


Malthus's arguments were part of the inspiration for Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, and they have validity in the natural world. On the savannah, in the rainforests, and across the tundra, animal populations explode when times are good, and crash when food reserves are exhausted. Is homo sapiens an exception? Perhaps. Humans can consider each other's needs, and cooperate; there is also plenty of evidence that they choose not to. The Optimum Population Trust does not have the answers, but the questions remain, quite literally, vital."

Ler em Editorial: The Malthusian question - will population growth outstrip food supply? Comment is free The Guardian.

18 de março de 2009

Acham que isto é ser alarmista?

"A "perfect storm" of food shortages, scarce water and insufficient energy resources threaten to unleash public unrest, cross-border conflicts and mass migration as people flee from the worst-affected regions, the UK government's chief scientist will warn tomorrow. [...]

"We head into a perfect storm in 2030, because all of these things are operating on the same time frame," Beddington told the Guardian. [...]


Food prices for major crops such as wheat and maize have recently settled after a sharp rise last year when production failed to keep up with demand. But according to Beddington, global food reserves are so low – at 14% of annual consumption – a major drought or flood could see prices rapidly escalate again. The majority of the food reserve is grain that is in transit between shipping ports, he said.
"Our food reserves are at a 50-year low, but by 2030 we need to be producing 50% more food. At the same time, we will need 50% more energy, and 30% more fresh water. [...]


In Britain, a global food shortage would drive up import costs and make food more expensive. [...]"

15 de janeiro de 2009

Energia e a conjuntura económica

O modo como evoluiu a problemática energética condicionou, de modo determinante, a conjuntura económica no ano que passou (ver o artigo de Martin Walker), e o modo como será equacionada na resposta à crise, terá uma importância decisiva no médio e longo prazo. À margem destas questões, a última referência tem a ver com com os problemas do abastecimento do gás russo à Europa.

31 de dezembro de 2008

A-propósito...

Tomemos este caso como mais um pretexto para falar do mesmo - felizmente, existem muitas situações semelhantes; infelizmente, ainda não são tantas como será preciso.

A actuação [ver link ao fim] é exemplar (deveria sê-lo para todos os outros; para todos nós) por diversos motivos. Um desses motivos - aquele, desconfio, que mais facilmente ficaria abaixo do nível de percepção da maioria [não, obviamente, de quem visita este blogue :=)] - prende-se com política; com o que é política; com o modo como se faz política; como nos organizamos para fazer política.

Na verdade, o processo que leva uma instituição a pôr-se como objectivo fazer aquilo que aqui foi feito; a consciência - e logo a aprendizagem da temática - da necessidade disso ser feito (pela direcção, pelos agentes da acção, pelos destinatários); o modo como mobiliza e organiza os agentes - tudo isso tem a ver com política.

No entanto, o que está em causa é muito simples, muito modesto, com pouca "dignitas", para se constituir como prática política para a maioria dos intervenientes na política.

Ler a notícia aqui - além de tudo o mais, tem mesmo piada: A College Football Stadium Cuts Its Waste - Green Inc. Blog - NYTimes.com.

20 de dezembro de 2008

Recomendação de leitura

O livro de Jared Diamond, "Colapso", já foi publicado em Portugal, edição da Gradiva - está à venda em Ponta Delgada. Aconselho vivamente a sua leitura. Já o tinha referido aqui e aqui.

10 de dezembro de 2008

Um livro que gostaria de ler...

Uma recomendação de leitura: The Big Necessity: The Unmentionable World of Human Waste and Why It Matters, de Rose George. Não sendo possível ler o livro, leiam a sua recensão em Best environmental book of 2008 (IMHO) Gristmill: The environmental news blog Grist: é informativa quanto baste - tenham em atenção a referência ao fósforo (penso que já falei disso neste blogue); é uma daquelas questões na margem, que quando dão, dão forte.

10 de novembro de 2008

Ambiente e economia

É uma discussão em curso: como conciliar o combate à crise económica e a resposta às questões colocadas pelas alterações climáticas, pela eficiência energética e pelo ambiente:
  • A green New Deal? Green, easy and wrong The Economist: "TWO pressing problems face the world: economic meltdown and global warming. Conveniently, a solution presents itself that apparently solves both: governments should invest heavily in green technology, thus boosting demand while transforming the energy business."
  • Op-Ed Contributor - The Climate for Change - NYTimes.com: "Here is the good news: the bold steps that are needed to solve the climate crisis are exactly the same steps that ought to be taken in order to solve the economic crisis and the energy security crisis."



4 de novembro de 2008

À espera dos resultados (II)

As últimas da Admininistração Bush quanto à regulação das questões ambientais: Dan Froomkin - Bush and Cheney's Last Shot - washingtonpost.com. Já tinha referido o esforço final desta Administração, nesta matéria, aqui.

20 de junho de 2008

O lago Chade



"Satellite images show Lake Chad one-tenth the size it was in 1972, not even 40 years ago. Lake Chad used to be the world’s sixth-largest lake, but its resources have been diverted for human use or affected by rainfall such that its been almost entirely depleted in a very short amount of time."
- visto em Climate Progress » Blog Archive » Lake Chad now more like Pond Chad.

13 de junho de 2008

Diversos sobre ambiente, energia e aquecimento global















  • I'm melting Gristmill: The environmental news blog Grist. As outras consequências do desaparecimento do gelo no Árctico:
    "In other words, if it continues, the recent trend in sea ice loss may triple Arctic warming, causing large emissions in carbon dioxide and methane from the tundra this century. What is especially worrisome is that 2007 provides strong evidence on behalf of this theory:
    NOAA reported that methane levels rose in 2007 for the first time since 1998 (see here).

    The tundra can emit vast amounts of methane when it defrosts (see Part 1).

    Scientific analysis suggests the rise in 2007 methane levels came from Arctic wetlands (see here).

    And 2007 saw record Arctic ice loss (see "Ice, ice, maybe (not)")."
























  • Climate Progress » Blog Archive » Global warming causes deluges and flooding, just like the Midwest is seeing (again) (ver gráfico acima).



    2007 saw the second most extreme precipitation over the United States in the historical record, according to NCDC’s Climate Extremes Index (CEI). Here is a plot of the percentage of this country (times two) with much greater than normal proportion of precipitation derived from extreme 1-day precipitation events (where extreme equals the highest tenth percentile of deluges): The U.S. Climate Extremes Index was explicitly created to take a complicated subject (”multivariate and multidimensional climate changes in the United States“) and make it more easily understood by American citizens and policy makers.



    As far back as 1995,
    analysis by the National Climatic Data Center showed that over the course of the 20th century, the United States had suffered a statistically significant increase in a variety of extreme weather events, the very ones you would expect from global warming, such as more — and more intense — precipitation. That analysis concluded the chances were only “5 to 10 percent” this increase was due to factors other than global warming, such as “natural climate variability.” And since 1995, the climate has gotten much more extreme.








  • Climate Progress » Blog Archive » Must read IEA report, Part 1: Act now with clean energy or face 6°C warming. Cost is NOT high — media blows the story

    "When the normally conservative International Energy Agency (IEA) agrees with both the middle of the road IPCC and more … progressive voices like Climate Progress, it should be time for the world to get very serious, very fast on the clean energy transition. "

    "... the real news from the global energy agency is:

    Failing to act very quickly to transform the planet’s energy system puts us on a path to catastrophic outcomes. The investment required is “an average of some 1.1% of global GDP each year from now until 2050. This expenditure reflects a re-direction of economic activity and employment, and not necessarily a reduction of GDP.” In fact, this investment partly pays for itself in reduced energy costs alone (not even counting the pollution reduction benefits)!


  • The world is on the brink of a renewables (and efficiency) revolution. [ver gráfico acima].
    Probably the biggest difference between the IEA and the U.S. Energy Information Administration is that the EIA lives in a fantasy world where oil production can continue growing forever and greenhouse gas emissions are not something an energy agency needs to factor into planning. The IEA, however, lives in the real world, as its new report makes painfully clear:
    Unsustainable pressure on natural resources and on the environment is inevitable if energy demand is not de-coupled from economic growth and fossil fuel demand reduced.
    The situation is getting worse…. Baseline scenario foreshadow a 70% increase in oil demand by 2050 and a 130% rise in CO2 emissions…. a rise in CO2 emissions of such magnitude could raise global average temperatures by 6°C (eventual stabilisation level), perhaps more. The consequences would be significant change in all aspects of life and irreversible change in the natural environment. In short, business as usual energy policy leads to atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 1000 parts per million or more, and that is the end of life as we know it on this planet (See “Is 450 ppm politically possible? Part 0: The alternative is humanity’s self-destruction“).


  • "Goldman Sachs analyst Arjun Murti predicted the recent spike in oil prices, so it’s worth looking at his recent interview in Barron’s"

29 de maio de 2008

A China proibe os sacos de plástico (os mais finos) e penaliza os mais grossos

Pois é - a China: alguns dos exemplos que de lá vêm são mesmo bons. Não me apetece fazer grandes comentários (façam mais um estudo para saber o que têm de fazer, irra).

  • China Bags Plastic Habit SolveClimate.com

    "It's official: China has risen above the rabble of plastic manufacturers and has boldly banned the plastic bag. The law will kick in June 1, and will apply to bags thinner than .025 millimeters thick. According to a survey by the China Plastics Processing Industry Association, the Chinese use up to one billion of the super thin sacks each day -- and 37 million barrels of oil a year to manufacture them. Experts predict that once the ban goes into effect, plastic bag consumption could drop by two thirds...
    What about the bags remaining? They'll be fitted with bar codes, and come Sunday, storekeepers will be forced to charge for them -- between 0.2 and 2 yuan (three and 30 cents)..."